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Coral Gables, officially known as the City of Coral Gables, is a meticulously planned, Mediterranean-themed city located in Miami-Dade County, Florida, just southwest of Downtown Miami. Founded during the Florida land boom of the 1920s by visionary developer George Merrick, the city is celebrated for its historic charm, affluent character, and strict zoning regulations that preserve its unique architectural and cultural identity. As of 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated its population at 49,700 residents.

History and Development

Coral Gables was one of the first planned communities in the United States, inspired by the City Beautiful Movement, which emphasized grand, aesthetically pleasing urban design. Merrick’s vision was to create a city that resembled the romanticized “Castles in Spain,” blending beauty, functionality, and cultural richness. His success in executing this vision earned him the Order of Isabella the Catholic, awarded by Spain’s King Alfonso XIII for promoting Spanish culture in the city.

By 1926, Coral Gables had grown to cover 10,000 acres (4,000 hectares), with over $150millioninlandsales\ast \ast andmorethan\ast \ast$100 million spent on development. This period also saw the opening of iconic landmarks like the Biltmore Hotel and Golf Course, which remains a symbol of the city’s grandeur and historical significance.

Architecture and Landmarks

Coral Gables is renowned for its Mediterranean Revival architecture, characterized by stucco walls, red-tile roofs, arched doorways, and ornate details. This style was mandated in the city’s original plan, with a strong emphasis on Spanish influences. Key architectural landmarks include:

• Coral Gables Congregational Church: Donated by George Merrick, this church is a prime example of Spanish-inspired design.

• Church of the Little Flower: Built in the Spanish Renaissance style, it adds to the city’s architectural diversity.

• Biltmore Hotel: A National Historic Landmark, this iconic hotel opened in 1926 and remains a centerpiece of the city’s cultural and social life.

• Venetian Pool: A historic public swimming pool carved from a coral rock quarry, featuring waterfalls and grottos, reflecting the city’s Mediterranean theme.

Urban Planning and Zoning

George Merrick’s meticulous planning is evident in Coral Gables’ layout, which includes distinct zones and a focus on walkability. Key features of the city’s design include:

• Miracle Mile: The main artery of the downtown commercial district, spanning over 2 miles (3.2 km) and lined with shops, restaurants, and cultural venues.

• Themed Villages: Merrick designed several themed villages within the city, each reflecting different architectural styles, such as Italian, French, Dutch, and South African. These villages expand the city’s cultural and aesthetic appeal beyond its Spanish roots.

• Strict Zoning Regulations: Coral Gables is known for its rigorous zoning laws, which ensure the preservation of its architectural integrity and historic character.

Transportation

Coral Gables once had an electric trolley system, which was phased out with the rise of automobiles. However, in November 2003, the city reintroduced a free circulator trolley system that runs along Ponce de León Boulevard, connecting key areas of the city. A section of the historic Coral Gables Rapid Transit track can still be seen on Segovia Avenue, serving as a reminder of the city’s early transportation history.

Cultural and Economic Life

Coral Gables is a vibrant community with a strong emphasis on culture, education, and tourism. The city is home to:

• University of Miami: A prestigious institution located nearby, contributing to the city’s intellectual and cultural vibrancy.

• Art and Cultural Events: The city hosts numerous events, including art festivals, concerts, and historical tours, celebrating its rich heritage.

• Tourism: Landmarks like the Biltmore Hotel, Venetian Pool, and Miracle Mile attract visitors from around the world.

Modern Coral Gables

Today, Coral Gables remains a testament to George Merrick’s vision, blending historic charm with modern amenities. Its commitment to preserving its architectural heritage, coupled with its affluent and cosmopolitan character, makes it one of South Florida’s most desirable communities. The city continues to thrive as a hub of culture, education, and luxury living, offering residents and visitors alike a unique blend of history, beauty, and sophistication.

Coral Gables is not just a city—it’s a living masterpiece, where the dream of “Castles in Spain” was brought to life in the heart of Florida.